SRCNN: Stacked-Residual Convolutional Neural Network for Improving Human Activity Classification Based on Micro-Doppler Signatures of FMCW Radar

Current methods for daily human activity classification primarily rely on optical images from cameras or wearable sensors. Despite their high detection reliability, camera-based approaches suffer from several drawbacks, such as low-light conditions, limited range, and privacy concerns. To address these limitations, this article proposes the use of a frequency-modulated continuous wave radar sensor for activity recognition. A stacked-residual convolutional neural network (SRCNN) is introduced to classify daily human activities based on the micro-Doppler features of returned radar signals. The model employs a two-layer stacked-residual structure to reuse former features, thereby improving the classification accuracy. The model is fine-tuned with different hyperparameters to find a trade-off between classification accuracy and inference time. Evaluations are conducted through training and testing on both simulated and measured datasets. As a result, the SRCNN model with six stacked-residual blocks and 64 filters achieves the best performance, with accuracies exceeding 95 and 99 at 0 dB and 10 dB, respectively. Remarkably, the proposed model outperforms several state-of-the-art CNN models in terms of classification accuracy and execution time on the same datasets. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science.