Vibration Analysis of Tire–Road Separation in a Bicycle-Car Model

The chapter investigates the tire–road separation of a bicycle-car model to discover what part of the reported time and frequency domains of vibrating systems, including vertical displacements and pitch mode, must be re-examined to consider no-contact regimes. The most significant characteristics in predicting tire–road separation dynamics are carried out under in-contact and off-contact conditions; the constraint demonstrates that the system could switch from the in-contact state to the no-contact state when the road excitation guarantees the separation condition. A fraction of contact-free time for both tires is introduced to clarify engineering design directions in comparing the suspension quality. The separation dynamics are numerically solved in both dimensional and nondimensional fields to gain further insights into contactless phenomena and avoid dangerous oscillations. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.